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About Red reflex Assessment
The red reflex test is vital, non-invasive test that can identify early warning signs of serious eye conditions in children, such as cataract (white water), glaucoma (blue water) and retinoblastoma (childhood eye cancer) and high refractive errors. Infants or children in whom parents or other observers describe a history suspicious for the presence of leukocoria (a white pupil reflex) in one or both eyes should be examined because small retinoblastoma tumors or other serious lesions may present in a subtle fashion.
The red reflex test uses transmission of light from an ophthalmoscope through all the normally transparent parts of the eye, including the tear film, cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline lens, and vitreous humor. This light reflects off the ocular fundus, the interior surface of the eye opposite the lens which is transmitted back through the optical media and through the aperture of the ophthalmoscope, and is imaged in the eye of the examiner. Any factor that obstructs this optical pathway will result in an abnormality of the red reflex.
An abnormal red reflex can result from corneal opacities, aqueous opacities, iris abnormalities affecting the pupillary aperture (pupil), cataracts, vitreous opacities, and retinal abnormalities including tumors or chorio-retinal coloboma. Unequal or high refractive errors (need for glasses) and strabismus (eye misalignment) may also produce abnormalities or asymmetry of the red reflex. There may be significant variation in the red reflex in children from different racial or ethnic groups resulting from their differing levels of pigmentation of the ocular fundus.
Red reflex Assessment Specialists
Dr. Suhair Twaij
Consultant Ophthalmologist in Adult & Paediatric Strabismus Surgery, Paediatric Ophthalmology, Adult Cataract Surgery
Dr. Suhair Twaij is a Consultant Ophthalmologist with a subspecialist interest in adult and paediatric Strabismus surgery, Paediatric Ophthalmology, adult Cataract Surgery and General Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai.
Dr. Twaij recently relocated to the UAE from the UK, where she has worked as a consultant ophthalmologist at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast since 2013. She was also the clinical lead for the adult motility service in Northern Ireland from 2014.
She holds a graduate degree in medicine from the Baghdad University Medical School, obtained in 1994.
Her areas of expertise include complex adult and paediatric squint surgery using the adjustable technique when needed, double vision correction, adult cataract surgery with an implant, Botox treatment for squints, double vision, blepharospasm and aesthetics.
She has over 20 years of experience in general ophthalmology, including cataract surgery, anterior and posterior segments such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
Dr. Suhair trained in the UK from 2004 in England and Northern Ireland and was awarded the certificate of completion of training (CCT) in ophthalmology in the UK in 2012. She was awarded the Royal College of Ophthalmologists Fellowship in the same year.
Throughout her career, she has practised in leading medical institutions such as The Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, The Bristol Eye Hospital, England, and King Hussein Medical City Amman, Jordan.
Dr. Suhair is an avid researcher and has Medline-published papers in various ophthalmology topics such as medical retina, paediatric ophthalmology and oculoplastics.
She is a member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, the British & Irish Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Association (BIPOSA) and the European Association of Strabismus (ESA).
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Dr. Salma Yassine
Specialist Ophthalmologist in Paediatric and Neuro-ophthalmology
Dr. Salma Yassine is a specialist ophthalmologist in paediatric and neuro-ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai in Healthcare City Dubai.
She holds a bachelor’s in science (2012) with high distinction and a medical degree (2016) from the American University of Beirut. She finished Her ophthalmology residency at the American University of Beirut Medical Center in 2020 before pursuing a fellowship in neuro-ophthalmology at the University of Minnesota in 2021, followed by another fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus at Children’s National Medical Center in Washington DC.
She has international experience in paediatrics and neuro-ophthalmology in countries including the USA and Lebanon.
She has practised in leading medical institutions such as the University of Minnesota and the Children’s National Medical Center in the US.
She has researched intracranial hypertension and nanophthalmos and published research papers on nystagmus and nanophthalmos in leading journals.
She is a member of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Association (AAPOS) The North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS), and the Lebanese Ophthalmological Society (LOS)
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Dr. Imran Jawaid
Consultant Ophthalmologist in Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus surgery
Dr. Imran Jawaid is a Consultant Ophthalmologist, specialised in Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai in Dubai Healthcare City.
He holds a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degree in Medicine from the University of Leicester, School of Medicine, graduating with honours in 2010. He is also dual qualified as an Optometrist with a Bachelor of Science (HONS) degree in 2003. Dr. Imran has completed his Fellowship with the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (FRCOphth) and obtained his Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) in Ophthalmology in 2020.
Dr. Imran has more than 15 years of experience in Ophthalmology in the United Kingdom and has completed a post-CCT fellowship in Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, UK. Most recently he was a Consultant Ophthalmologist and Head of Service for Ophthalmology at Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, a large tertiary centre for ophthalmic referrals.
He has undertaken research in myopia, visual impairment, diabetic macular oedema and emergency ophthalmology, amongst other areas and has published over 10 research papers in leading journals. In addition to his research, Dr. Imran is a keen educator and has taught at different UK medical schools and contributed to book chapters in Ophthalmology.
He is a member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (FRCOphth) and is the recipient of several internationally acclaimed awards and recognitions.
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Dr. Irfan Khan
Consultant Ophthalmic surgeon in Paediatric Ophthalmology and adult Strabismus
Dr. Muhammad Irfan Khan is a highly experienced consultant Ophthalmic surgeon specialising in Paediatric Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospitals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
He earned three postgraduate degrees from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists London: DRCOphth, MRCOphth, and FRCOphth in 2013, along with a Paediatric Ophthalmology fellowship from the renowned Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids, Toronto, Canada.
With over 20 years of clinical and surgical experience, Dr. Irfan has practised in several countries, including Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the UAE. His career includes roles at institutions such as the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in Dublin, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, SickKids in Toronto, and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City in Abu Dhabi.
His subspecialty training includes managing complex paediatric eye conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity. He is also experienced in paediatric anterior segment reconstruction and common paediatric oculoplastics.
For adult patients, Dr. Irfan is particularly adept in performing adjustable suture squint surgeries, a technique that allows for precise postoperative alignment adjustments. This approach significantly improves outcomes for adults undergoing strabismus surgery, enhancing both visual function and cosmetic results.
He has undertaken research in the field of Ophthalmology and has published ten research papers and one book chapter in Childhood neurology.
He is a member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists London and an International member of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. In 2015, he received the JD Moran Award from the Hospital of Sick Children in Toronto, Canada.
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Dr. Christiane Al Haddad
Visiting Consultant Ophthalmologist in Paediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus
Dr Christiane Al- Haddad is a visiting associate professor of Ophthalmology, Specialised in Paediatric Ophthalmology and adult Strabismus at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai in Dubai Healthcare City.
She holds an MD degree from the American University of Beirut in 2000, an Ophthalmology degree from the American University of Beirut in 2004, a fellowship in paediatric ophthalmology from Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC in 2005, and a fellowship in paediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus from Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA in 2006.
Dr Al-Haddad has more than 15 years of regional/international experience in all aspects of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismology in leading medical institutions: the American University of Beirut Medical Center (Lebanon), Children’s National Medical Center (USA) and Duke Eye Center (USA).
She has undertaken research in the field of Paediatric Ophthalmology & strabismus and has published more than 50 research papers on amblyopia, strabismus, genetic eye diseases, retinoblastoma, congenital glaucoma and eye tracking technology in leading journals including British Journal of Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal of the American Association for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Journal of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology among others.
Dr Al-Haddad is a member of the American Association for Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, the International Strabismological Association and the Costenbader Society. She is the director of the Paediatric Ophthalmology division in the Ophthalmology department at the American University of Beirut and established the retinoblastoma program with the oncology team at the Children’s Cancer Center in collaboration with St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis USA.
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Dr. Alaa Bou Ghannam
Visiting Specialist Ophthalmologist in Neuro-Ophthalmology, Paediatric Ophthalmology, Paediatric Glaucoma & Adult Strabismus
Dr. Alaa Bou Ghannam is a visiting specialist in neuro-ophthalmology, paediatric ophthalmology, and adult strabismus at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai in Dubai Healthcare City.
He holds a bachelor in science (2007) with high distinction and a medical degree (2011) from the American University of Beirut. He finished his ophthalmology residency at the American University of Beirut Medical Center in 2015 before pursuing a fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus from Children's National Health System and George Washington Hospital in Washington DC in 2016. He also finished another fellowship in neuro-ophthalmology from The University of Colorado in 2017.
He has over five years of regional/international experience in paediatric ophthalmology, adult strabismus, and neuro-ophthalmology in countries including Lebanon and The United States of America.
In his career, he has practiced in leading medical institutions such as The American University of Beirut Medical Center.
He has undertaken research in clinical ophthalmology and neurology and has published more than a dozen research papers and book chapters on strabismus, optic nerve diseases, paediatric glaucoma, paediatric ophthalmology, ocular electrophysiology, and nystagmus, in leading medical journals.
He is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), Lebanese Ophthalmological Society (LOS), North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society (NANOS), and The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).
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Dr. Ayesha Khan
Consultant Ophthalmologist in Paediatric Ophthalmology
Dr. Ayesha Khan is a Consultant Ophthalmologist in Paediatric Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai in Dubai Healthcare City.
She is an experienced Ophthalmologist, specialising in the clinical and surgical treatment of a full range of Children’s Eye Diseases, including Retinopathy of Prematurity, Retinoblastoma, Cataracts, Glaucoma, Squints, and eye injuries, amongst others.
She is also experienced in the surgical treatment of adult squints & cataracts.
After doing her fellowships in Ophthalmology from the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Pakistan (FCPS), & Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, UK (FRCSEd), Dr. Ayesha completed her clinical & surgical training in Paediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus from University of Toronto, Canada.
After that, she headed the Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology at a tertiary care Eye Hospital in Pakistan before moving to Canada in 2010. She served as an Associate Professor and Consultant Paediatric at the prestigious Montreal Children’s Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre.
After that, she did a short stint in the UK before moving to UAE in January 2020. Since then, she has been actively practising Paediatric Ophthalmology in Dubai.
Dr. Ayesha has done extensive research work in Paediatric Ophthalmology and has several publications to her credit. She is a member of the American Association for Paediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus.
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Dr. Syed M. Asad Ali
Consultant Ophthalmologist in Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and Cataract Surgery
Syed Ali is a Consultant Paediatric Ophthalmologist with extensive experience in the management of all paediatric eye conditions including congenital eye diseases, paediatric cataracts, paediatric glaucoma, trauma and all types of squints in children and adults.
Syed works with advanced technology and techniques. He has over 10 years of extensive experience in screening and treating retinopathy of prematurity with retinal laser and intravitreal anti VEGF injection. He has wealth of experience in phacoemulsification procedures.
Syed Ali trained and has practiced in the UK and Pakistan and has over 18 years of experience in ophthalmology. After completing his basic specialist training, he undertook a fellowship in paediatric ophthalmology and ocular motility at the world renowned Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, UK. His training in Pakistan and the UK is recognised by the General Medical Council (GMC) and was placed on specialist register.
In addition to his clinical experience, Syed has undertaken published original research and teaching in his specialist area, including as an assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology.
He is a member of several professional bodies including The Royal College of Ophthalmologists, American Academy of Ophthalmology, The British Medical Association, Medical Defense Union and Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh.
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Dr. Irfan Khan
Consultant Ophthalmic surgeon in Paediatric Ophthalmology and adult Strabismus
Dr. Muhammad Irfan Khan is a highly experienced consultant Ophthalmic surgeon specialising in Paediatric Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospitals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
He earned three postgraduate degrees from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists London: DRCOphth, MRCOphth, and FRCOphth in 2013, along with a Paediatric Ophthalmology fellowship from the renowned Hospital for Sick Children, SickKids, Toronto, Canada.
With over 20 years of clinical and surgical experience, Dr. Irfan has practised in several countries, including Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the UAE. His career includes roles at institutions such as the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in Dublin, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, SickKids in Toronto, and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City in Abu Dhabi.
His subspecialty training includes managing complex paediatric eye conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity. He is also experienced in paediatric anterior segment reconstruction and common paediatric oculoplastics.
For adult patients, Dr. Irfan is particularly adept in performing adjustable suture squint surgeries, a technique that allows for precise postoperative alignment adjustments. This approach significantly improves outcomes for adults undergoing strabismus surgery, enhancing both visual function and cosmetic results.
He has undertaken research in the field of Ophthalmology and has published ten research papers and one book chapter in Childhood neurology.
He is a member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists London and an International member of the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. In 2015, he received the JD Moran Award from the Hospital of Sick Children in Toronto, Canada.
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